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Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Beyond questionnaires: Community-based measures of bilingualism(2015) Travis, Catherine E; Cacoullos, Rena TorresBilingual speakers are often categorized according to degree of language contact on the basis of proficiency tests, which may have prescriptive biases, or questionnaire responses, which may be limited in scope and open to misinterpretation. Here an alternative approach is put forward and applied to the New Mexico bilingual community. Three forms of data are triangulated to construct a sociolinguistic profile: variables derived from self-reports in questionnaire items; content analysis of sociolinguistic interviews through systematic extraction of speakers' spontaneous comments on their linguistic experiences; and operationalization of language predominance as a measure of relative level of use and activation.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Probing quantum chaos(2016) Ostrovskaya, Elena A.; Nori, FrancoItem type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , De una baraja de cartas a líneas de código: Cómo la «programación extrema» devuelve la vida a la programación en forma de práctica colectiva(2024-02-20) Mackenzie, Adrian; Monk, SimonThis paper discusses Extreme Programming (XP), a relatively new and increasingly popular ‘user-centred’ software design approach. Extreme Programming proposes that collaborative software development should be centred on the practices of programming. This contrasts sharply with more heavily instrumented, formalized and centrally managed software engineering methodologies. The paper maps the interactions of an Extreme Programming team involved in building a commercial organizational knowledge management system. Using ethnographic techniques, it analyses this particular style of software development in a given locality, and how it uniquely hybridized documents, conversations, software tools and office layout in that locality. It examines some of the many artifices, devices, techniques and talk that come together as a complicated contemporary software system is produced. It argues that XP’s emphasis on programming as the core activity and governing metaphor can be understood only in relation to competing overtly formal software engineering approaches and the organizational framing of software development. XP, it suggests, gains traction by re-embodying the habits of programming as a collective practice.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Smaller states in great power competition(Australian Journal of International Affairs , 2026) Zhang, Denghua; Chan, DebbyU.S.–China geostrategic competition has far-reaching consequences for international relations and domestic politics across Asia and the Pacific. Smaller states are not merely objects but also subjects of geostrategic rivalry. They demonstrate strategic responses with their own agency and interests. Despite the growing literature on great power competition, knowledge gaps about smaller states are evident. The diversity across the Asia-Pacific region suggests that a one-size-fits-all research approach to asymmetric relations between smaller states and great powers is not desirable. This Special Section, with an empirical focus on Southeast Asia and Oceania, seeks to enrich debates on the important yet often-neglected role of smaller states amid U.S.–China competition. It explores how smaller states perceive and respond to great power competition, and what are the implications for these countries and/or the regional order. The four articles in this Special Issue highlight vulnerabilities, opportunities, and resilience of smaller states in Oceania and Southeast Asia, as well as their perceptions of the two great powers.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , From API to AI: platforms and their opacities(2018-06-11) Mackenzie, AdrianAccounts of social network platforms have often stressed their programmability. The economic, social and technical fabric of social media has been directly associated with the code that modulates their connectivity and constructs opaque forms of property and capitalisation. The programmability of contemporary platforms is shifting in significant respects. By describing some recent shifts in programming practice at Facebook, the paper explores how predictive and machine learning approaches arise from a constitutive opacity present in all platform ensembles. It suggests that the growth in predictive programmability can be understood in terms of an increasingly experimental interplay between processes of platformisation and infrastructuralisation. Understanding these changes in programmability might be useful in analysing the relations between large information-communication ensembles and contemporary forms of life. It conceptualises, in particular, opacity as a constitutive problem for platforms rather than a proprietary limitation.