ANU Research Publications
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/26
The Australian National University's Research Publications collection is an online location for collecting, preserving and disseminating the scholarly output of the University. This service allows members of the University to share their research with the wider community. ANU Open Research accepts journal articles, conference papers, book chapters, working or technical papers and other forms of scholarly communication.
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Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Engaging with palaeogenomics beyond the lab(2026) Romijn, François C.; Kowal, Emma; Frieman, Catherine J.; Källén, Anna; Abel, Sarah; Hussain, Shumon; Cveček, Sabina; Vergara-Silva, FranciscoAs ancient DNA (aDNA) science enters a new phase of computational and institutional power, what should social scientists and humanities scholars focus on? This article identifies questions that examine the relationships between scientists, research participants, communities and publics, and how these groups engage with, appropriate or resist palaeogenomic accounts of the past. We outline four areas for research: the social relations underlying data generation, interpretation and dissemination; community engagement beyond harm-centred ethical frameworks; the diverse publics with stakes in aDNA science; and the politics of constructing genetic pasts, both deep and recent. This agenda is designed to engage with researchers and communities finding new ways to narrate pasts, presents and futures through genetic science.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Biodiversity Revisited: Research and action agenda for sustaining diverse and just futures for life on Earth(Luc Hoffman Institute, 2020) Wyborn, Carina; Montana, Jasper; Kalas, Nicole; Davila Cisneros, Federico; Clement, Sarah; Izquierdo Tort, Santiago; Knowles, Natalie; Louder, Elena; Balan, Madhurya; Chambers, Josie; Christel, Lucas; Zemp, Anna Deplazes; Forsyth, Tim; Henderson, Gretchen; Lim, Michelle; Harms, M J Martinez; Merçon, Juliana; Nuesiri, Emmanuel; Pereira, Laura; Pilbeam, Victoria; Turnhout, Esther; Wood, SylviaLife on Earth is facing severe challenges. Human action is leading to a deterioration in natural resources and ecosystems, and widespread declines in populations of wild species. This presents an existential threat to humanity by undermining the capacity of biodiversity to support human well-being. The Biodiversity Revisited research and action agenda calls for new ways of thinking and acting to address the urgent, complex, and interconnected challenges facing humanity. Recognising the severe degradation in the diversity of life on Earth that sustains humanity, this agenda seeks to catch a changing tide in the biodiversity research community focussed on a more integrated and transformative approach to research and action. Biodiversity Revisited is a collaborative, thought leadership process to co-produce a new, integrated five-year research agenda to effectively sustain life on Earth. The collaborative process seeks to raise new awareness and thinking about biodiversity, from concept through measurement to implementation, as well as looking critically at the narratives, science and systems that underpin it. Biodiversity Revisited is an initiative of the Luc Hoffmann Institute, in collaboration with WWF, Future Earth, ETH Zürich Department of Environmental Systems Science, University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research at University College London and exists thanks to generous funding from the NOMIS Foundation, the MAVA Foundation and WWF International. https://luchoffmanninstitute.org/biodiversity-revisited/Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Policy Forum Pod: Politics of despair: 21st century capitalism(2023-08-11) Sell, Susan; Bessell, Sharon; Hunter, ArnagrettaItem type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Policy Forum Pod: What we value: reimagining social policy(Policy Forum - Crawford School of Public Policy, 2023) Cook, Kay; Phillips, Ben; Bessell, Sharon; Hunter, ArnagrettaItem type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Policy Forum Pod: Towards Net Zero: climate, policy and politics(Policy Forum - Crawford School of Public Policy, 2023-08-18) Colvin, R.M.; Bessell, Sharon; Hunter, ArnagrettaItem type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Living Poems of the Sea(Canberra International Music Festival, 2025-05-03) Walker, Sally; Chan, Lyle; Farrell, Murray; Barnes, Matthew; Sainsbury, Christopher; Del Aguila, Miguel; Serra, Eric; Loader, Robert; Stevens, Grant; De Bergerac, Olivia; Rugli, Gergo; Future, FrankThis event is part of MOSSO: music in motion Living Poems of the Sea is a meditation on the enthralling world of dolphins and whales in music, sound, words and images. Acclaimed flautist Sally Walker was inspired to create Living Poems of the Sea through her experiences of playing her flute to enraptured dolphins and her friendship with dolphin researcher Dr Olivia De Bergerac. Sally plays music accompanying videos and images of human-dolphin interactions over decades, and narrates a story illustrating the importance of dolphins, whales and their complex relationship with humans. With stirring words and music by composer Lyle Chan, and special appearances of music by Christopher Sainsbury and Miguel del Aguila, Living Poems of the Sea is a work of art that asks a fundamental question: how are we meant to relate to these remarkable creatures? Program Living Poems of the Sea (70 min), WORLD PREMIERE Artists Sally Walker, solo flute and narrator Lyle Chan, writer and composerItem type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Policy Forum Pod: Creating communities for children(Policy Forum - Crawford School of Public Policy, 2023-09-01) Moore, Tim; Kumar, Rani; Bessell, Sharon; Hunter, ArnagrettaItem type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Policy Forum Pod: Reclaiming Imagination with Rob Hopkins(Policy Forum - Crawford School of Public Policy, 2023-08-25) Hopkins, Rob; Bessell, Sharon; Hunter, ArnagrettaItem type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Policy Forum Pod: Power and policy: from despair to action(Policy Forum - Crawford School of Public Policy, 2023-09-08) Friel, Sharon; Baum, Fran; Bessell, Sharon; Hunter, ArnagrettaItem type: Publication , Access status: Open Access , Decomposition of global solutions for a class of nonlinear wave equations(2025) Mavrogiannis, Georgios; Soffer, Avy; Wu, XiaoxuIn the present paper, we consider global solutions of a class of nonlinear wave equations of the form (Formula presented.) where the nonlinearity N(x, t, u)u is assumed to satisfy appropriate boundedness assumptions. Under these appropriate assumptions, we prove that the free channel wave operator exists. Moreover, if the interaction term N(x, t, u)u is localized, then we prove that the global solution of the full nonlinear equation can be decomposed into a ‘free’ part and a ‘localized’ part.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Identifying Tsunami Deposits in the Absence of Sand(2015) Chague-Goff, Catherine; Judd, Karina; Goff, James R; Gadd, Patricia; Fierro, Daniela; Zawadzki, AtunTsunamis originating in South America are known to have affected Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand, in the recent past. However, while there was clear evidence of inundation, in particular in 1960 and 2010, there was no report of any sand left behind. Our study aimed to search for evidence of these small historical tsunamis, in the absence of any visible sand layer. Shallow trenches revealed discontinuous layers of small grey mud clasts at various depths across the study area, most likely transported from the nearby harbour. The origin of these mud clast layers was investigated using sedimentological, geochemical and diatom analyses complemented by dating from 137Cs activity profiles and historical data. Subtle variations consistent with inclusions of marine mud such as a decrease in organic content and magnetic susceptibility and increases in geochemical markers (e.g. Ca, K, K/Rb, Si/Rb and Sr/Rb) were found in the sediment profile. Variations in diatom assemblages suggesting a marine influence were also recorded at similar depths, aligning with layers of mud clasts. Based on 137Cs activity profiles and historical data, these deposits were attributed to the 1960 Chile and 1964 Alaska tsunamis, and we also found evidence for an older deposit, possibly associated with the 1868 Arica tsunami. Sedimentary evidence for the 2010 Chile tsunami was not found at the study site, but our study revealed spatial variations in Ca, Cl and Sr concentrations that were inversely related to Ti concentrations. This was used to identify the landward extent of inundation by the 2010 event. We show that a broad multi-proxy analysis can distinguish even the subtle signatures of an inconspicuous deposit laid down by a small tsunami.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Development of a system for corrosion diagnostics and prognostics(2007) Trego, Angela; Price, Don; Hedley, Mark; Corrigan, Penny; Cole, Ivan; Muster, TimTypically, the majority of the cost of maintaining aging aircraft structure can be associated with corrosion prevention and control. The major portion of the cost of inspecting aircraft for corrosion damage is associated with obtaining access to hidden parts of the airframe. In addition, there is the added cost associated with incidental damage that is done to the structure while gaining access to the hidden areas. There is a clear need to develop in-situ sensors and the diagnostic and prognostic algorithms to monitor corrosion environments to provide early warning of the onset of corrosion within hidden areas of aircraft. This paper covers our proposed approach to the development of an intelligent health management system. The system is developed around the principal of network intelligence based on autonomous sensing agents (provided by a distributed agent-based network and an intelligent object-based IT platform) closely linked to multi-functional, multi-stage sensing. In principle, prognostics will be embedded in different parts of the network. This will lead to significant advantages, not least of which is a higher level of accuracy provided by network learning and the ability to respond directly to sensor input. The system involves a multi-sensing approach and requires correlating sensor readings with actual measured corrosion (maximum pit depth). The general concept of the system will be presented, and the strong correlations found between sensed damage indicators and real surface damage for two aluminium grades (7075 and 2024) will be discussed.Item type: Publication , Access status: Open Access , Crystallisation triggered by mass diffusion at a lower local supersaturation(2026) Xu, Shuqi; Torres, Juan F.Crystallisation is fundamental to many natural and industrial processes. It is influenced by various non-equilibrium factors such as thermal history, mechanical perturbations, and flow, yet the effect of imposed mass fluxes on the supersaturation ration at which crystallisation first becomes macroscopically observable remains uncharacterised. Here, we show experimentally that thermodiffusive and isothermal diffusive mass fluxes can cause aqueous potassium chloride to crystallise at lower local supersaturation ratios than in spatially isothermal reference systems. A reference supersaturation ratio was first established using cooling crystallisation, where temperature varies in time but remains spatially uniform. Under thermophobic thermodiffusion, the first appearance of crystals occurred at a lower local supersaturation ratio than this equilibrium benchmark. Likewise, under isothermal diffusion between a supersaturated solution and a lower-concentration reservoir, crystallisation occurred at lower concentrations and higher temperatures than expected under spatially uniform conditions. In both configurations, crystallisation consistently initiated in regions of steep concentration gradients rather than at locations of maximum supersaturation ratio. These results provide macroscopic evidence that non-equilibrium mass fluxes can narrow the metastable zone width, emphasising the importance of spatially varying temperature and concentration fields in controlling crystallisation. The findings have broad implications for processes requiring precise crystallisation control.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Cybernetic Imagination Residencies 2023-2024(School of Cybernetics, Australian National University, 2023) Meares, AndrewTo illustrate how cybernetics can help us navigate major societal challenges and transformations, the ANU School of Cybernetics has established the Cybernetic Imagination Residency program, dedicated to scholarship, leadership and creating credible, hopeful and unexpected stories about the future which imagine and instigate positive change. Stories are uniquely poised to illuminate the workings of systems and the world; they help us empathise with different perspectives and inhabit different vantage points. Stories are engaging and accessible; they transform and transcend boundaries of assumptions and invite every person to consider how they think and feel about the complex systems in which we are all embedded. It is through story that we can share our past experiences and envision hopeful futures. Our Cybernetic Imagination Residents are inspirational and incisive storytellers, thinkers, tinkerers and creative as well as critical doers. Over a 12-month period, each Resident works closely with our students, staff and partners to craft cybernetic stories, artefacts (physical and digital), collaborations and learning experiences through convention-defying modes and media. Their work, in whatever imaginative form it takes, becomes the centerpiece for the School’s conversations and learning opportunities with community, industry, and government. Creating these stories is a start; we will also leverage them to disrupt the inertia of the present, create space for new possibilities, and build safer futures.Item type: Publication , Access status: Open Access , Contributions of height allometry and within-species trait variation to uncertainty in estimates of tropical forest carbon stocks(2026) Carle, Hannah; Neeman, Teresa; Murphy, Helen; Bauman, David; Binks, Oliver; Coughlin, Ingrid; Ford, Andrew; Nicotra, Adrienne; Meir, PatrickTropical forests host globally significant carbon stocks, which are relied on to help mitigate the effects of human-induced climate change. Characterizing the uncertainty around carbon stock estimates is thus essential to inform the carbon budgets needed to safely limit global warming, with implications for policy and decision-making worldwide. We used a large forest inventory dataset from the Australian tropical rainforest (7208 stems) to evaluate height:diameter (H:DBH) allometric variation and quantified within-species variation in wood density (WD) and woody tissue carbon ([C]) content (98 trees). Together, H:DBH, wood density, and woody tissue C were used to estimate forest carbon stocks (i.e. the carbon content of woody biomass: CAGB). Using simulations, we then provide estimates and recommendations on the uncertainty around CAGB. H measurement errors contributed more random error (4.5%) to CAGB than the best performing (site-level) H:DBH allometric models (±2.4%) and led to under-estimation of CAGB by roughly 15%. Comparison of H:DBH allometric models that were developed at different biogeographic scales shows that widely used pantropical models substantially over-estimated tree H, and thus tropical forest CAGB, at some Australian sites by close to 100%. By contrast, wood trait variation generated just 3% uncertainty in CAGB, which is reassuring since global wood trait datasets often contain a single record or a few records for tropical species. Our findings reinforce the promise of laser scanning technologies to improve biomass estimation via more accurate measurements of canopy height and nondestructive development of local-to-regional allometric models, which provide clear advantage over pantropical equations.Item type: Publication , Access status: Open Access , Anomalous Fluorescence Enhancement from Double Heterostructure 3D Colloidal Photonic Crystals-A Multifunctional Fluorescence-Based Sensor Platform(2015-09-24) Eftekhari, Ehsan; Li, Xiang; Kim, Tak H.; Gan, Zongsong; Cole, Ivan S.; Zhao, Dongyuan; Kielpinski, Dave; Gu, Min; Li, QinAugmenting fluorescence intensity is of vital importance to the development of chemical and biochemical sensing, imaging and miniature light sources. Here we report an unprecedented fluorescence enhancement with a novel architecture of multilayer three-dimensional colloidal photonic crystals self-Assembled from polystyrene spheres. The new technique uses a double heterostructure, which comprises a top and a bottom layer with a periodicity overlapping the excitation wavelength (E) of the emitters, and a middle layer with a periodicity matching the fluorescence wavelength (F) and a thickness that supports constructive interference for the excitation wavelength. This E-F-E double heterostructure displays direction-dependent light trapping for both excitation and fluorescence, coupling the modes of photonic crystal with multiple-beam interference. The E-F-E double heterostructure renders an additional 5-fold enhancement to the extraordinary FL amplification of Rhodamine B in monolithic E CPhCs, and 4.3-fold acceleration of emission dynamics. Such a self-Assembled double heterostructue CPhCs may find significant applications in illumination, laser, chemical/biochemical sensing, and solar energy harvesting. We further demonstrate the multi-functionality of the E-F-E double heterostructure CPhCs in Hg (II) sensing.Item type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Corrosion inhibition on mild steel by phosphonium salts in 1 M HNO<sub>3</sub> aqueous medium(2017-03-01) Palaniappan, N.; Chowhan, L. Raju; Jothi, Sathiskumar; Bosco, Infant G.; Cole, Ivan S.The corrosion inhibition on mild steel by phosphonium salts in 1 M HNO3 medium has been investigated by weight loss and polarization techniques. The result revealed that these derivatives are excellent inhibitors. Potentiostatic polarization, impedance and electrochemical noise studies showed mixed type inhibitors. Ellipsometer, quantum chemical and FTIR results indicated Phosphonium bromide derivatives exhibit excellent corrosion protective thin layer performance.Item type: Publication , Access status: Open Access , Review of <i>Building Militaries in Fragile States</i> by Mara Karlin(2018) Henry, IainItem type: Publication , Access status: Metadata only , Finding Policies that Work: Examining the Case of Filipino Freelancers(Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom, 2023) Presto, Athena Charanne R.; Tugade, Ruby Rosselle L.Freelancing work is booming in the Philippines. It presents a great opportunity for Filipinos to make additional income or pursue their passion, especially among workers who are marginalized in the traditional labor standards. Although freelance work is now a reality for many Filipino employees, as well as promoted by the Philippine government through pronouncements and small-scale interventions, there persists a data gap on this labor force. More than this, there persists a legislation gap covering freelance workers in the country. This policy brief identifies five reasons that Filipinos engage in the online freelancing gig. These are 1) flexibility, 2) fast turnaround of work, 3) potential for the marginalized sector to be included as the economy develops, 4) greater freedom to pursue passion and upward career development, and 5) higher salaries, especially for online freelancers doing specialized tasks. Aside from these, this policy brief also identifies structural factors ingrained in Philippine society that drive Filipinos to engage in online freelance work. These structural factors are 1) the Philippine government’s branding of Filipinos as industrious and service-oriented, 2) the business process outsourcing culture in the Philippines, 3) prevailing norms of labor insecurity and informality, and 4) difficult work conditions from previous jobs. The Philippine government has harnessed its labor force and has implemented interventions to facilitate Filipinos’ employment in online freelance work. What the Philippines has not done yet, however, is to legislate laws and implement policies that protect freelancers. The common concerns of freelancers are identified to be 1) lack of social benefits, 2) lack of security of tenure, 3) lack of company-sponsored benefits, 4) lack of insurance, 5) difficulty filing taxes, 6) difficulty in organizing as a collective, 7) hyper-competitive nature of freelance work, 8) personal space blurring with professional space, 9) feeling of isolation, and 10) infrastructure problems. Despite the Philippines being a signatory to international instruments guaranteeing decent work, there is currently no domestic legislation that comprehensively governs the work conditions of digital platforms, specifically those that relate to labor relations, work conditions, and social dialogues, to name a few. Alarmingly, this gap is only projected to increase as more Filipinos turn to freelance in a policy environment that cannot keep up. This has huge implications on two fronts: first, the Philippines is not able to fully reap the benefits of the growing freelancing labor force in terms of collecting revenues, and second, freelance workers continue to be vulnerable as compared to those in regular employment. Responding to the gaps in data and legislation, this policy brief suggests short-, medium-, and longterm recommendations to include freelancers in the formal economy and reap the individual and national benefits freelancing has to offer. The freelance workers' sector is huge. Policies that are meant to protect freelance workers must, just like freelance work, be flexible and adaptable. It is now within the Philippine government’s initiatives to find policies that work.Item type: Publication , Access status: Open Access , Design of alkyl-substituted aminothiazoles to optimise corrosion inhibition for galvanised steel: A combined experimental and molecular modelling approach(2024) Deng, Qiushi; Jeschke, Steffen; Mishra, Ratan K.; Spicher, Sebastian; Darouich, Samir; Schreiner, Eduard; Eiden, Philipp; Deglmann, Peter; Gorges, Jan N.; Chen, Xiao Bo; Keil, Patrick; Cole, IvanThis work proposes a combined experimental and molecular modelling approach to clarify the complex substitution effect of aminothiazole as corrosion inhibitor for galvanised steel in saline aqueous environments. Electrochemical results have shown that introducing alkyl residues ameliorates inhibition efficiency to varied degrees. Umbrella sampling simulations supplemented by a newly developed GFN-force-field-based molecular approach reveal that the particular adsorption state renders a hydrophobic environment at the outer surface, where increased alkyl size leads to greater hydrophobicity for corrosion inhibition. Such an effect becomes less prominent with increasing concentration, attributed to the enhanced intermolecular interaction destabilising the adsorption process.